Evaluation of antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance pattern of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria to monitor drug resistance among clinical isolates

Introduction: Antibiotic therapy is usually given to protect from infection against various organisms, however, routine use of empirical treatment has resulted in widespread antibiotic resistance and development of antibiotic resistant genes. Objective: To identify the bacterial pathogens isolated from various clinical specimens and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern against the commonly used standard antibiotics. Materials & Methods: All the clinical specimens submitted to microbiology laboratory were processed as per standard microbiological procedures and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed on the isolates as per guidelines of clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI). Result: A total of 154 organisms were isolated from all clinical specimens, out of which 82 were Gram positive and 72 were Gram negative bacteria. Doxycycline (63.4%) and amikacin (84.4%) showed high degree of sensitivity among Gram positive bacteria. Amikacin (77.8%) showed high degree of sensitivity in Gram negative bacteria. Gram positive bacteria showed highest degree of resistance to penicillin (63.4%), whereas, Gram negative bacteria showed highest degree of resistance to cefazolin (73.6%). Conclusion: High frequency of resistance against commonly used antibiotics such as penicillin and cefazolin as shown in the present study indicates a serious problem in the treatment of infections by gram positive and negative organisms. Therefore continuous surveillance is needed and treatment based on antibiogram report is essential.